Computational simulation is essential for designing electromagnetic devices, predicting radar and sonar signatures, improving medical imaging, modeling advanced materials and larger molecular systems, and testing physical systems before they are built. These applications often require solving mathematical models that are far too large for direct calculation using standard methods, especially in realistic three-dimensional geometries. A … Read more
Dr. Indrajeet Sharma of the University of Oklahoma will develop new sustainable methods for synthesizing carbohydrate-based molecules that are important in medicines, vaccines, and biological systems. Many useful carbohydrate structures remain difficult to prepare using current chemical methods because they often require harsh acids, expensive precious metals, and multiple reaction steps that generate chemical waste. … Read more
High levels of nutrients containing nitrogen and phosphorus can lead to harmful algal blooms in freshwater and seawater. As algal blooms develop, they consume oxygen in the water, which can cause dead zones that prevent other organisms from growing. Continuous monitoring of nutrients can detect conditions that may result in a harmful event. This project … Read more
Generative artificial intelligence can create realistic text, images, and other complex data, offering new ways to support science, education, industry, and public decision-making. However, these systems can also make errors that are difficult for users to detect or measure. As a result, organizations may not know when generated data can be trusted, whether a system … Read more
Isabella Trierweiler is awarded an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellowship to carry out a program of research and education at Yale University. Polluted white dwarfs are stellar remnants which are actively accreting material from orbiting debris. Trierweiler will study these systems in order to gain insights into the compositions and motions of planetary systems. This … Read more
This project focuses on the variability of atmospheric concentrations of the hydroxyl radical in forested regions. The hydroxyl radical is an oxidant that initiates the breakdown and removal of trace gases and air pollutants from the atmosphere. This effort will combine satellite observations and atmospheric modeling to study how disturbances such as deforestation, fires, agricultural … Read more
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Approximately 1-in-3 children with single right ventricle congenital heart disease develop tricuspid valve regurgitation within 20 years of Fontan completion. Tricuspid valve regurgitation is associated with a 2.4-times increased risk of circulatory failure. There are currently no effective medications to treat this regurgitation, so patients with severe regurgitation undergo additional surgery to restore … Read more
Project Summary/Abstract: Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has demonstrated a 28-55% response rate in metastatic melanoma patients, leading to recent FDA approval. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is responsive to immunotherapeutic strategies yet the antigen-specific T cell repertoire and its therapeutic potential remain underexplored. The overall objective of this proposal … Read more
Abstract Technological innovations continue to advance our understanding by delivering new insights and enabling paradigm shifts that address previously unanswerable questions. Recent breakthroughs in high-sensitivity mass spectrometry, coupled with innovative technological pipelines, have permitted our group, for the first time, to directly quantify over 2,000 proteins from a single isolated cardiomyocyte (CM). This achievement provides … Read more
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Walking gait is an essential function of the nervous system that depends on the precise coordination of multiple brain circuits. Gait disturbances are among the most disabling motor symptoms across a range of disorders typically affecting the basal ganglia, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), or the cerebellum, such as spinocerebellar ataxia. While much … Read more